Barbara J Mills
University of Arizona, Anthropology, Faculty Member
- Anthropology, Archaeological Method & Theory, Archaeology, Social Identity, Migration (Anthropology), Social Network Analysis (SNA), and 23 moreSocial Inequality (Anthropology), Material culture of religion, Ceramic Analysis (Archaeology), History and Memory, Materiality, Southwestern Archaeology, Ancient Networks, Southwestern United States (Archaeology in North America), Ancestral Pueblo (Archaeology), Chaco Canyon, Communities of practice, Technological Innovation, Archaeology of Religion, Consumption and Material Culture, Intangible Cultural Heritage (Culture), Ceramics (Archaeology), North American archaeology, Social Networks, Prehistoric Archaeology, Pottery (Archaeology), Archaeology of the U.S. Southwest, Archaeological Theory, and Social Network Analysis (Social Sciences)edit
- I am an anthropological archaeologist with broad interests in archaeological method and theory, especially (but not e... moreI am an anthropological archaeologist with broad interests in archaeological method and theory, especially (but not exclusively) as applied to the North American Southwest. I received my B.A. from the University of Pennsylvania and my M.A. and Ph.D. degrees from the University of New Mexico. My work has focused on ceramic analysis as a tool for understanding production, distribution, and consumption but more broadly is my interest in material culture to understand social relations in the past. My research on ceramic technology, craft specialization, and accumulations research led to a series of papers and edited volumes on social inequality, identity, feasting, and migration. These interests were fostered by more than a decade of work in the Silver Creek area of east-central Arizona, including a multi-year collaborative project with the White Mountain Apache Tribe. I also have field and research experience in a number of other areas of the Southwest including Zuni, Chaco, Mimbres, Grasshopper, and most recently the Greater Hohokam area. Outside the U.S. I have research experience in Guatemala (Postclassic Maya), Kazakhstan (Bronze Age), and Turkey (Neolithic). Besides ceramics I am interested in depositional practice, and how that can be used to understand memory, materiality, and relational logics. Currently I am a PI on the Southwest Social Networks Project, which brings together data and a talented group of scholars to apply social network analysis (SNA) to archaeological data from a large area of the western Southwest. This ongoing project continues my interest in looking at the dynamics of social relations from a multiscalar perspective.edit
The American Southwest is one of the most important archaeological regions in the world, with many of the best-studied examples of hunter-gatherer and village-based societies. Research has been carried out in the region for well over a... more
The American Southwest is one of the most important archaeological regions in the world, with many of the best-studied examples of hunter-gatherer and village-based societies. Research has been carried out in the region for well over a century, and during this time the Southwest has repeatedly stood at the forefront of the development of new archaeological methods and theories. Moreover, research in the Southwest has long been a key site of collaboration between archaeologists, ethnographers, historians, linguists, biological anthropologists, and indigenous intellectuals. This volume marks the most ambitious effort to take stock of the empirical evidence, theoretical orientations, and historical reconstructions of the American Southwest. Over seventy top scholars have joined forces to produce an unparalleled survey of state of archaeological knowledge in the region. Themed chapters on particular methods and theories are accompanied by comprehensive overviews of the culture histories of particular archaeological sequences, from the initial Paleoindian occupation, to the rise of a major ritual center in Chaco Canyon, to the onset of the Spanish and American imperial projects. The result is an essential volume for any researcher working in the region as well as any archaeologist looking to take the pulse of contemporary trends in this key research tradition.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I: INTRODUCTION
On History in Southwest Archaeology
Severin Fowles and Barbara J. Mills
PART II: THE SHAPE OF HISTORY
Conceptualizing the Past
1 Oral Traditions
Chip Colwell
2 Narrative Histories
Stephen H. Lekson
3 Direct Historical Approach
John A. Ware
4 Historical Linguistics
Jane H. Hill
5 Evolutionary and Complexity Theory
Timothy A. Kohler
6 Path Dependency
Michelle Hegmon
Incorporating the Histories of Descendent Communities
7 Translating Tribal Values
Theresa Pasqual
8 Traditional Cultural Properties
T. J. Ferguson and Leigh Kuwanwisiwma
9 "History, Memory, and Querencia"
Sylvia Rodriguez
Archaeological Histories
10 The Earliest People in the Southwest
Jesse Ballenger, Vance Holliday and Guadalupe Sanchez
11 The Southwest Archaic
Maxine McBrinn and Bradley Vierra
12 The Early Agricultural Period
James M. Vint and Jonathan B. Mabry
13 Mimbres Archaeology
Margaret C. Nelson and Patricia A. Gilman
14 Key Dimensions of the Cultural Trajectories of Chaco Canyon
Stephen Plog, Carrie C. Heitman, and Adam S. Watson
15 An Archaeological History of the Mesa Verde Region
Richard H. Wilshusen and Donna Glowacki
16 Preclassic Hohokam
Douglas B. Craig and M. Kyle Woodson
17 Classic Period Hohokam
Jeffery J. Clark and David Abbott
18 Sonoran Prehispanic Traditions
Elisa Villalpando and Randall H. McGuire
19 Chihuahuan Archaeology
Michael E. Whalen and Paul E. Minnis
20 Eastern Pueblo Archaeology
James E. Snead
21 Hopi History Prior to 1600
Wesley Bernardini and E. Charles Adams
22 The Zuni/Cibola Region
Matthew A. Peeples, Gregson Schachner, and Keith W. Kintigh
23 Mesoamerican Connections
Ben A. Nelson, Paul R. Fish, and Suzanne K. Fish
24 Navajo Archaeology
Kerry F. Thompson and Ronald H. Towner
25 Ndee (Apache) Archaeology
Sarah A. Herr, Nicholas C. Laluk, and John R. Welch
26 Plains-Pueblo Exchange
B. Sunday Eiselt and David Snow
27 Early Colonial Period
Barnet Pavao-Zuckerman and Kelly L. Jenks
28 Pobladores of New Mexico
Jun Oeno Sunseri
29 Territorial and Early Statehood Periods
Teresita Majewski and Lauren E. Jelinek
PART III: THE STUFF OF HISTORY
Material Culture
30 Built Environments
Michael Adler
31 Cooking Technologies
Eric Blinman, James M. Heidke, and Myles R. Miller
32 Hunting Technologies
John C. Whittaker and William D. Bryce
33 Perishable Technologies
Edward A. Jolie and Laurie D. Webster
34 Iconography
Marit K. Munson and Kelley Hays-Gilpin
Landscapes
35 Anthropogenic Landscapes
Christopher I. Roos
36 Agricultural Landscapes
Kurt Anschuetz, Eileen L. Camilli, and Christopher D. Banet
37 Movement and Migration
Catherine M. Cameron and Scott G. Ortman
38 Sacred Geographies
Ruth Van Dyke
Ecologies
39 Weather
Scott E. Ingram
40 Minerals
Andrew I. Duff, Judith A. Habicht-Mauche, and M. Steven Shackley
41 Plants
Suzanne K. Fish and Karen R. Adams
42 Animals
Karen Gust Schollmeyer and Katherine A. Spielmann
43 Humans
Ann L. W. Stodder
44 Spirits
Scott Van Keuren and William H. Walker
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I: INTRODUCTION
On History in Southwest Archaeology
Severin Fowles and Barbara J. Mills
PART II: THE SHAPE OF HISTORY
Conceptualizing the Past
1 Oral Traditions
Chip Colwell
2 Narrative Histories
Stephen H. Lekson
3 Direct Historical Approach
John A. Ware
4 Historical Linguistics
Jane H. Hill
5 Evolutionary and Complexity Theory
Timothy A. Kohler
6 Path Dependency
Michelle Hegmon
Incorporating the Histories of Descendent Communities
7 Translating Tribal Values
Theresa Pasqual
8 Traditional Cultural Properties
T. J. Ferguson and Leigh Kuwanwisiwma
9 "History, Memory, and Querencia"
Sylvia Rodriguez
Archaeological Histories
10 The Earliest People in the Southwest
Jesse Ballenger, Vance Holliday and Guadalupe Sanchez
11 The Southwest Archaic
Maxine McBrinn and Bradley Vierra
12 The Early Agricultural Period
James M. Vint and Jonathan B. Mabry
13 Mimbres Archaeology
Margaret C. Nelson and Patricia A. Gilman
14 Key Dimensions of the Cultural Trajectories of Chaco Canyon
Stephen Plog, Carrie C. Heitman, and Adam S. Watson
15 An Archaeological History of the Mesa Verde Region
Richard H. Wilshusen and Donna Glowacki
16 Preclassic Hohokam
Douglas B. Craig and M. Kyle Woodson
17 Classic Period Hohokam
Jeffery J. Clark and David Abbott
18 Sonoran Prehispanic Traditions
Elisa Villalpando and Randall H. McGuire
19 Chihuahuan Archaeology
Michael E. Whalen and Paul E. Minnis
20 Eastern Pueblo Archaeology
James E. Snead
21 Hopi History Prior to 1600
Wesley Bernardini and E. Charles Adams
22 The Zuni/Cibola Region
Matthew A. Peeples, Gregson Schachner, and Keith W. Kintigh
23 Mesoamerican Connections
Ben A. Nelson, Paul R. Fish, and Suzanne K. Fish
24 Navajo Archaeology
Kerry F. Thompson and Ronald H. Towner
25 Ndee (Apache) Archaeology
Sarah A. Herr, Nicholas C. Laluk, and John R. Welch
26 Plains-Pueblo Exchange
B. Sunday Eiselt and David Snow
27 Early Colonial Period
Barnet Pavao-Zuckerman and Kelly L. Jenks
28 Pobladores of New Mexico
Jun Oeno Sunseri
29 Territorial and Early Statehood Periods
Teresita Majewski and Lauren E. Jelinek
PART III: THE STUFF OF HISTORY
Material Culture
30 Built Environments
Michael Adler
31 Cooking Technologies
Eric Blinman, James M. Heidke, and Myles R. Miller
32 Hunting Technologies
John C. Whittaker and William D. Bryce
33 Perishable Technologies
Edward A. Jolie and Laurie D. Webster
34 Iconography
Marit K. Munson and Kelley Hays-Gilpin
Landscapes
35 Anthropogenic Landscapes
Christopher I. Roos
36 Agricultural Landscapes
Kurt Anschuetz, Eileen L. Camilli, and Christopher D. Banet
37 Movement and Migration
Catherine M. Cameron and Scott G. Ortman
38 Sacred Geographies
Ruth Van Dyke
Ecologies
39 Weather
Scott E. Ingram
40 Minerals
Andrew I. Duff, Judith A. Habicht-Mauche, and M. Steven Shackley
41 Plants
Suzanne K. Fish and Karen R. Adams
42 Animals
Karen Gust Schollmeyer and Katherine A. Spielmann
43 Humans
Ann L. W. Stodder
44 Spirits
Scott Van Keuren and William H. Walker
Research Interests: Native American Studies, Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Historical Archaeology, Southwestern United States (Archaeology in North America), and 20 moreNorth American (Archaeology), North American West, North American Southwest, North American archaeology, American Indian & Alaska Native, Southwestern Archaeology, Greater Southwest, Southwestern (Bioarchaeology), Ancestral Pueblo (Archaeology), Native American Anthropology, Native American (History), Archaeology of the U.S. Southwest, American Indians, American Indian Studies, Native American history, archaeology of the American Southwest, Southwestern United States History, Comparative North American Studies, Regionalism in North American Studies; Literatures and Cultures of Louisiana; Francophone North American literatures, North American Studies, and Ancestral Puebloans
This article draws upon ethnographic accounts of female potters’ movement and intermarriage into multi-ethnic Pueblo communities in the U.S. Southwest to illustrate how marriage networks created opportunities for innovation through the... more
This article draws upon ethnographic accounts of female potters’ movement and
intermarriage into multi-ethnic Pueblo communities in the U.S. Southwest to illustrate
how marriage networks created opportunities for innovation through the production,
distribution, and consumption of boundary objects. These objects did not define
boundaries but facilitated boundary crossing or bridging by potters. I argue that the
concept of boundary objects is more useful than hybridity for understanding the
processes of culture contact and material culture diffusion. Archaeological evidence
for late twelfth through thirteenth century migrations from the Four Corners to the
southern Colorado Plateau is used to make a case for a high degree of intermarriage and
post-marital movement of women. Such patrilocality challenges normative views of
post-marital residence, including those employed by early ceramic sociologists working
in the same area of the Southwest and even at the same sites. The case that I discuss
provides a contrast to other Southwest examples in which conformist transmission was
more common, and helps to solve a paradox in explanations of the Southwest Pueblo
Sprachbund. I conclude that the concept of boundary objects complements formal
social network approaches in archaeology by bringing out the active role of objects in
linking social actors.
intermarriage into multi-ethnic Pueblo communities in the U.S. Southwest to illustrate
how marriage networks created opportunities for innovation through the production,
distribution, and consumption of boundary objects. These objects did not define
boundaries but facilitated boundary crossing or bridging by potters. I argue that the
concept of boundary objects is more useful than hybridity for understanding the
processes of culture contact and material culture diffusion. Archaeological evidence
for late twelfth through thirteenth century migrations from the Four Corners to the
southern Colorado Plateau is used to make a case for a high degree of intermarriage and
post-marital movement of women. Such patrilocality challenges normative views of
post-marital residence, including those employed by early ceramic sociologists working
in the same area of the Southwest and even at the same sites. The case that I discuss
provides a contrast to other Southwest examples in which conformist transmission was
more common, and helps to solve a paradox in explanations of the Southwest Pueblo
Sprachbund. I conclude that the concept of boundary objects complements formal
social network approaches in archaeology by bringing out the active role of objects in
linking social actors.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Pottery (Archaeology), Migration, Technological Innovation, Southwestern Archaeology, and 10 moreGreater Southwest, Boundaries (Archaeology), Ancestral Pueblo (Archaeology), Kinship and Relatedness (Anthropology), Theory of Cultural Hybridity, Technology Adoption and Diffusion, Situated Learning and Communities of Practice, Social Networks Analysis, Anthropology, Archaeology, Native American arts and cultures of the Greater Southwest, and Sprachbund
Migration was a key social process contributing to the creation of the 'Chaco World' between AD 800 and 1200. Dynamic social network analysis allows for evaluation of several migration scenarios, and demonstrates that Chaco's earliest... more
Migration was a key social process contributing to the creation of the 'Chaco World' between AD 800 and 1200. Dynamic social network analysis allows for evaluation of several migration scenarios, and demonstrates that Chaco's earliest ninth-century networks show interaction with areas to the west and south, rather than migration to the Canyon from the Northern San Juan. By the late eleventh century, Chaco Canyon was tied strongly to the Middle and Northern San Juan, while a twelfth-century retraction of networks separated the Northern and Southern San Juan areas prior to regional depopulation. Understanding Chaco migration is important for comprehending both its uniqueness in U.S. Southwest archaeology and for comparison with other case studies worldwide.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Pottery (Archaeology), Southwestern United States (Archaeology in North America), North American (Archaeology), and 15 moreArchaeological Method & Theory, Neolithic Archaeology, North American archaeology, Social Network Analysis (SNA), Southwestern Archaeology, Ceramics (Archaeology), Ancestral Pueblo (Archaeology), Archaeology of the U.S. Southwest, Network analysis in archaeology, Chaco, Chacoan archaeology, Chaco Canyon, Southwestern United States History, Monumental Architecture, and New Mexico archaeology
Fowles, Severin and Barbara Mills. 2017. On history in Southwest archaeology. In Oxford Handbook of Southwest Archaeology, edited by Barbara Mills and Severin Fowles, pp. 3-71. Oxford University Press.
Social network analysis (SNA) in archaeology has become important for a range of theoretical and methodological approaches that can more generally be characterized as relational. They are relational in that it is the ties between actors... more
Social network analysis (SNA) in archaeology has become important for a range of theoretical and methodological approaches that can more generally be characterized as relational. They are relational in that it is the ties between actors (or nodes) that define social connections. Archaeologists are currently employing a diversity of theoretical approaches to networks, and the perspective taken in this review is that SNA can provide insights into a number of different social processes using different theories. Following a brief historical overview, I discuss two aspects of SNA: the structural position of the actor or node, and characterizations of whole networks. I then summarize several broad classes of archaeological networks: historical, spatial, and material. I conclude with a call for more bridging approaches to span alternative theoretical and methodological approaches in the archaeology of networks.
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Archaeology, Southwestern United States (Archaeology in North America), North American (Archaeology), Archaeological Method & Theory, Neolithic Archaeology, and 8 moreNorth American archaeology, Social Network Analysis (SNA), Adoption and Diffusion of innovations, Southwestern Archaeology, Niche Construction Theory, Social Network Analysis (Social Sciences), Technology Adoption and Diffusion, and Early Agriculture
"To play with a tired phrase, pots are not people, but they are choices." Borck and Mills 2017:30 In Foreign Objects: Rethinking Indigenous Consumption in American Archaeology, edited by Craig N. Cipolla, pp. 29–43. University of Arizona... more
"To play with a tired phrase, pots are not people, but they are choices." Borck and Mills 2017:30
In Foreign Objects: Rethinking Indigenous Consumption in American Archaeology, edited by Craig N. Cipolla, pp. 29–43. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.
In Foreign Objects: Rethinking Indigenous Consumption in American Archaeology, edited by Craig N. Cipolla, pp. 29–43. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Anthropology, Historical Archaeology, Southwestern United States (Archaeology in North America), and 12 moreArchaeological Method & Theory, Network Analysis, Archaeological GIS, Social Network Analysis (SNA), Anthropology Of Consumption, Archaeological Theory, Southwestern Archaeology, Consumption and Material Culture, Social Network Analysis (Social Sciences), GeoSocial Analysis, Anthropological Theory, and Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
Uncorrected proofs to appear in Roddick and Stahl (eds.) "Knowledge in Motion: Constellations of Learning Across Time and Place" University of Arizona Press. The concept of “communities of practice” has been effectively used to... more
Uncorrected proofs to appear in Roddick and Stahl (eds.) "Knowledge in Motion: Constellations of Learning Across Time and Place" University of Arizona Press. The concept of “communities of practice” has been effectively used to understand the transmission of technological practices during production. In this chapter I argue that another fruitful way of looking at communities of practice is through consumption. For ceramics, these patterns of consumption can be looked at in two ways, both of which are situated practices but at different spatial and temporal scales. One is the way in which cuisines are situated in the choices that people make in how and what food is prepared, in what containers they were served in, and to whom. A second way of considering consumption is in how these container choices by different communities accumulate at large temporal and spatial scales to produce distinctive regional networks of consumption practices. I argue that the articulation of the local choices in how to prepare and serve foods with regional patterns of ceramic accumulations produce large-scale networks that are equivalent to Wenger’s (1998) “constellations of practice” (see also Roddick and Stahl, this volume). Further, I show that this concept can be fruitfully addressed through a multiscalar network approach.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Architecture, Pottery (Archaeology), Southwestern United States (Archaeology in North America), and 10 moreNorth American Southwest, Communities of practice, Anthropology Of Consumption, Southwestern Archaeology, Ceramics (Archaeology), Consumption and Material Culture, Archaeology of the U.S. Southwest, Network analysis in archaeology, Ritual Feasting, and archaeology of the American Southwest
Soon after the National Historic Preservation Act was signed into law in 1966, the Section 106 process and compliance based archaeology quickly became the primary mechanisms through which new data were generated across the United States.... more
Soon after the National Historic Preservation Act was signed into law in 1966, the Section 106 process and compliance based archaeology quickly became the primary mechanisms through which new data were generated across the United States. Heritage management projects facilitated explorations of regions and categories of archaeological sites that had seldom been the focus of academic research and also provided data essential for addressing "big picture" questions at scales not previously possible. In this article, we explore the importance of syntheses and regional databases for both research and preservation. First, we demonstrate the role that compliance archaeology data have played in recent research focused on the late pre-contact period (A.D.1200-1500) in the U.S. Southwest using an example from the Southwest Social Networks Project. We explore how our interpretations of several important regional-scale processes might differ if data generated through work mandated by the NHPA were not available. Next, we demonstrate the utility of synthetic databases for preservation planning by outlining a systematic approach toward identifying and characterizing site/landscape protection priorities. We argue that this approach offers opportunities to go beyond site-by-site evaluations of significance to develop landscape-scale perspectives on the relative importance of cultural resources.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Archaeologists have regarded social networks as both the links through which people transmitted information and goods as well as a form of social storage creating relationships that could be drawn upon in times of subsistence shortfalls... more
Archaeologists have regarded social networks as both the links through which people transmitted information and goods as well as a form of social storage creating relationships that could be drawn upon in times of subsistence shortfalls or other deleterious environmental conditions. In this article, formal social network analytical (SNA) methods are applied to archaeological data from the late pre-Hispanic North American Southwest to look at what kinds of social networks characterized those regions that were the most enduring versus those that were depopulated over a 250-year period (A.D. 1200–1450). In that time, large areas of the Southwest were no longer used for residential purposes, some of which corresponds with well-documented region-wide drought. Past research has demonstrated that some population levels could have been maintained in these regions, yet regional scale depopulation occurred. We look at the degree to which the network level property of embeddedness, along with population size, can help to explain why some regions were depopulated and others were not. SNA can help archaeologists examine why emigration occurred in some areas following an environmental crisis while other areas continued to be inhabited and even received migrants. Moreover, we modify SNA techniques to take full advantage of the time depth and spatial and demographic variability of our archaeological data set. The results of this study should be of interest to those who seek to understand human responses to past, present, and future worldwide catastrophes since it is now widely recognized that responses to major human disasters, such as hurricanes, were “likely to be shaped by pre-existing or new social networks” (as reported by Suter et al. (Research and Policy Review 28:1–10, 2009)).
Research Interests: Ancient History, Demography, Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Anthropology, and 27 moreSocial Networks, Social Sciences, Material Culture Studies, Disaster risk management, Migration, Crisis Management, Ancient Networks, North American Southwest, Social Archaeology, Social Network Analysis (SNA), Migration Studies, Disaster Management, Sociology of Migration, Migration (Anthropology), Southwestern Archaeology, Ceramics (Archaeology), Material Culture, Computer Applications & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology (CAA), Historical Network Research, Historical network analysis, Risk and crisis management, Archaeological Interaction and Networks, Kayenta Archaeology, Archaeological Network Analysis, Salado Archaeology, Hopi Archaeology, and Zuni Archaeology
Analyzing historical trajectories of social interactions at varying scales can lead to complementary interpretations of relationships among archaeological settlements. We use social network analysis combined with geographic information... more
Analyzing historical trajectories of social interactions at varying scales can lead to complementary interpretations of relationships among archaeological settlements. We use social network analysis combined with geographic information systems at three spatial scales over time in the western U.S. Southwest to show how the same social processes affected network dynamics at each scale. The period we address, A.D. 1200–1450, was characterized by migration and demographic upheaval. The tumultuous late thirteenth-century interval was followed by population coalescence and the development of widespread religious movements in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. In the southern Southwest these processes resulted in a highly connected network that drew in members of different settlements within and between different valleys that had previously been distinct. In the northern Southwest networks were initially highly connected followed by a more fragmented social landscape. We examine how different network textures emerged at each scale through 50-year snapshots. The results demonstrate the usefulness of applying a multiscalar approach to complex historical trajectories and the potential for social network analysis as applied to archaeological data.
Research Interests:
Abstract: Analyzing historical trajectories of social interactions at varying scales can lead to complementary interpretations of relationships among archaeological settlements. We use social network analysis combined with geographic... more
Abstract:
Analyzing historical trajectories of social interactions at varying scales can lead to complementary interpretations of relationships among archaeological settlements. We use social network analysis combined with geographic information systems at three spatial scales over time in the western U.S. Southwest to show how the same social processes affected network dynamics at each scale. The period we address, A.D. 1200–1450, was characterized by migration and demographic upheaval. The tumultuous late thirteenth-century interval was followed by population coalescence and the development of widespread religious movements in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. In the southern Southwest these processes resulted in a highly connected network that drew in members of different settlements within and between different valleys that had previously been distinct. In the northern Southwest networks were initially highly connected followed by a more fragmented social landscape. We examine how different network textures emerged at each scale through 50-year snapshots. The results demonstrate the usefulness of applying a multiscalar approach to complex historical trajectories and the potential for social network analysis as applied to archaeological data.
Spanish
El análisis multi-escalar de interacciones sociales y sus trayectorias históricas pueden producir interpretaciones complementarias acerca de las relaciones entre asentamientos arqueológicos. Utilizamos el análisis de redes sociales en combinación con sistemas de información geográfica mediante tres escalas espaciales a través del tiempo en el oeste de la región del Suroeste Norteamericano para demonstrar cómo procesos sociales similares afectaron la dinámica de redes en cada escala. El período de interés, A.D. 1200–1450, se caracterizó por la migración y el desorden demográfico. El tumultuoso siglo trece fue seguido por la coalescencia de poblaciones diversas y por el desarrollo de extensos movimientos religiosos en los siglos catorce y quince. En el Suroeste meridional estos procesos resultaron en una red altamente conectada que atrajo miembros de diferentes asentamientos dentro y entre diferentes valles que habían sido previamente diferenciados. En el Suroeste septentrional las redes inicialmente estuvieron muy conectadas pero fueron sucedidas por un paisaje social fragmentario. Finalmente, examinamos cómo diferentes texturas de redes emergieron en cada escala en períodos de 50 años. Los resultados demuestran la utilidad del análisis multi-escalar para investigar trayectorias históricas complejas y el potencial del análisis de redes sociales para el estudio de datos arqueológicos.
Analyzing historical trajectories of social interactions at varying scales can lead to complementary interpretations of relationships among archaeological settlements. We use social network analysis combined with geographic information systems at three spatial scales over time in the western U.S. Southwest to show how the same social processes affected network dynamics at each scale. The period we address, A.D. 1200–1450, was characterized by migration and demographic upheaval. The tumultuous late thirteenth-century interval was followed by population coalescence and the development of widespread religious movements in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. In the southern Southwest these processes resulted in a highly connected network that drew in members of different settlements within and between different valleys that had previously been distinct. In the northern Southwest networks were initially highly connected followed by a more fragmented social landscape. We examine how different network textures emerged at each scale through 50-year snapshots. The results demonstrate the usefulness of applying a multiscalar approach to complex historical trajectories and the potential for social network analysis as applied to archaeological data.
Spanish
El análisis multi-escalar de interacciones sociales y sus trayectorias históricas pueden producir interpretaciones complementarias acerca de las relaciones entre asentamientos arqueológicos. Utilizamos el análisis de redes sociales en combinación con sistemas de información geográfica mediante tres escalas espaciales a través del tiempo en el oeste de la región del Suroeste Norteamericano para demonstrar cómo procesos sociales similares afectaron la dinámica de redes en cada escala. El período de interés, A.D. 1200–1450, se caracterizó por la migración y el desorden demográfico. El tumultuoso siglo trece fue seguido por la coalescencia de poblaciones diversas y por el desarrollo de extensos movimientos religiosos en los siglos catorce y quince. En el Suroeste meridional estos procesos resultaron en una red altamente conectada que atrajo miembros de diferentes asentamientos dentro y entre diferentes valles que habían sido previamente diferenciados. En el Suroeste septentrional las redes inicialmente estuvieron muy conectadas pero fueron sucedidas por un paisaje social fragmentario. Finalmente, examinamos cómo diferentes texturas de redes emergieron en cada escala en períodos de 50 años. Los resultados demuestran la utilidad del análisis multi-escalar para investigar trayectorias históricas complejas y el potencial del análisis de redes sociales para el estudio de datos arqueológicos.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Social Networks, Pottery (Archaeology), Social Networking, and 7 moreSocial Network Analysis (SNA), Ceramic Analysis (Archaeology), Southwestern Archaeology, Ceramics (Archaeology), Ancestral Pueblo (Archaeology), Archaeology of the U.S. Southwest, and Hohokam Archaeology
Research Interests: Archaeology, Geochemistry, Archaeological Science, Social Network Analysis (SNA), Southwestern Archaeology, and 8 moreSeriation, Archaeological Site Formation Processes, Archaeological Method and Theory, Ceramics, Archaeological Sciences, Hohokam Archaeology, Ceramic Analysis Archaeology, and Kayenta Archaeology
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Research Interests:
... Collaboration in Archaeological Practice: Engaging Descendant Communities. Lanham, MD: AltaMira Press. ... "The Archaeological Field School in the 1990s: Collaboration in Research ... 2001. American Indians and the Nevada Test... more
... Collaboration in Archaeological Practice: Engaging Descendant Communities. Lanham, MD: AltaMira Press. ... "The Archaeological Field School in the 1990s: Collaboration in Research ... 2001. American Indians and the Nevada Test Site: A Model of Research and Consultation. ...
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Research Interests:
The late pre-Hispanic period in the US Southwest (A.D. 1200–1450) was characterized by large-scale demographic changes, including long-distance migration and population aggregation. To reconstruct how these processes reshaped social... more
The late pre-Hispanic period in the US Southwest (A.D. 1200–1450) was characterized by large-scale demographic changes, including long-distance migration and population aggregation. To reconstruct how these processes reshaped social networks, we compiled a comprehensive artifact database from major sites dating to this interval in the western Southwest. We combine social network analysis with geographic information systems approaches to reconstruct network dynamics over 250 y. We show how social networks were transformed across the region at previously undocumented spatial, temporal, and social scales. Using well-dated decorated ceramics, we track changes in network topology at 50-y intervals to show a dramatic shift in network density and settlement centrality from the northern to the southern Southwest after A.D. 1300. Both obsidian sourcing and ceramic data demonstrate that long-distance network relationships also shifted from north to south after migration. Surprisingly, social distance does not always correlate with spatial distance because of the presence of network relationships spanning long geographic distances. Our research shows how a large network in the southern Southwest grew and then collapsed, whereas networks became more fragmented in the northern Southwest but persisted. The study also illustrates how formal social network analysis may be applied to large-scale databases of material culture to illustrate multigenerational changes in network structure.
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Research Interests:
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Special issue of Archaeology Southwest Magazine focused on the Southwest Social Networks Project. This project explores the changing nature and scale of social networks in the late precontact period in the western U.S. Southwest.
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Research Interests: Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Southwestern United States (Archaeology in North America), Material culture of religion, Archaeology of Religion, and 8 moreArchaeology of Architecture, Southwestern Archaeology, Memory and materiality, Chaco, Material Culture & Materiality, Chacoan archaeology, Chaco Canyon, and House Societies
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ABSTRACT
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Page 1. discussion article Archaeological Dialogues 16 (1) 122 C o 2009 Cambridge University Press doi:10.1017/S1380203809002748 Printed in the United Kingdom Thinking about stratigraphic sequence in social terms Patricia A. McAnany and... more
Page 1. discussion article Archaeological Dialogues 16 (1) 122 C o 2009 Cambridge University Press doi:10.1017/S1380203809002748 Printed in the United Kingdom Thinking about stratigraphic sequence in social terms Patricia A. McAnany and Ian Hodder ...
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Large collections of ethnographic ceramics created over multiyear periods of intensive collecting provide a way to bridge discrepancies between the temporal scales of ethnographic studies based on single field visits and archaeological... more
Large collections of ethnographic ceramics created over multiyear periods of intensive collecting provide a way to bridge discrepancies between the temporal scales of ethnographic studies based on single field visits and archaeological analyses of assemblages accumulated over much longer periods of time. The Smithsonian's Stevenson collections of Zuni ceramics, consisting of 3500 vessels, were assembled in three intensive field seasons
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We measured radiocarbon ages of 22 decadal replications and 1 bulk group from 5 tree-ring specimens using acid-base-acid pretreatment and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). The study has the goal of refining the precision and resolution... more
We measured radiocarbon ages of 22 decadal replications and 1 bulk group from 5 tree-ring specimens using acid-base-acid pretreatment and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). The study has the goal of refining the precision and resolution of a segment of the conventional Bronze Age chronology in the Eurasian steppe attributed to the multicultural community known as Andronovo. The archaeological timbers were gathered from 3 cemeteries at the Lisakovsky cluster of sites in Kazakhstan, where there is a prominent Andronovo occurrence that appears to show evidence of overlapping Alakul and Fedorovo cultures in the southern margin of the Eurasian steppe. The new set of Andronovo calendar dates derived from 14 C wiggles and a composite floating tree-ring chronology places the cultural overlap from 1780 to 1660 cal BC. Results indicate older ages of artifacts from the Lisakovsky site than were previously determined by the typological chronology, shifting them from the Late Bronze Age to also include the transition between the Middle and Late Bronze Age. The chronological order of the Lisakovsky cemeteries provides strong evidence of contemporaneity of the Alakul and Fedorovo cultures in the Tobol River Valley for a portion of the 120-yr period of occupation. We discuss an application of the dated Alakul-Fedorovo overlap to the relationship and origin of different groups of the Andronovo community in the Ural region. Our results demonstrate the substantial power that tree rings from Bronze Age timbers provide for developing a precise and highly resolved calendar chronology of prehistoric human occupation in the Eurasian steppe during the 2nd millennium BC.